
Only 89 of 151 countries present signed. Canada, Denmark, Australia, Norway, Costa Rica, Serbia and others followed the US in refusing to sign on these grounds. The UN treaty is not binding for the countries that don't sign.
Throughout the treaty negotiations, the US led opposition to efforts by countries including Russia, China and several Middle Eastern nations to include internet regulation in the treaty. The US said more consultation with the private sector was needed, a position also adopted by industry players such as Google, which said the ITU was the wrong venue to discuss internet regulation.
Other new articles in the ITR treaty that were passed address changes in the way operators should be taxed and compensated for traffic exchange and provisions on access to communications for people with disabilities and in less developed markets.